Wounded Knee Massacre Essay Example

Wounded Knee Massacre Essay â€Å"Wounded Knee Massacre† Melinda Belcher May 2, 2010 In 1848 a series of gold and silver discoveries signaled the first serious interest by white settlers in the arid and semiarid lands beyond the Mississippi, where many Indian nations had been forced to migrate. To open more land, federal officials introduced in 1851 a policy of â€Å"concentration. † Tribes were pressured into signing treaties limiting the boundaries of their hunting grounds to â€Å"reservations† The Sioux tribe was limited to the Dakotas. The treaties that claimed the Indians provisions would not follow through; land hungry pioneers broke promises of the government by squatting on Indian lands and then demanded federal protection. The government in turn forced more restrictions on the Indians. This cycle of broken promises was repeated until a full-scale war between whites and Indians raged in the west. (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) By the mid-1880’s there were some 180 reservations in the west, containing approximately 240,000 American Indians. Among the last to be confined were the Sioux, who fought fiercely to keep their freedom. Nevertheless, a treaty in 1889 created six small reservations in the Dakotas: Pine Ridge, Rosebud, Cheyenne River, Crow Creek, Lower Brule, and Standing Rock. The Sioux tribe suffered crop failures in the summers of 1889 and 1890. White settlers were killing all the bison, plus epidemic of sickness, brought bitterness and poverty to the Sioux, who were ripe for any vision promising them relief. (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) In 1890 a religious revival spread when word came from the Nevada desert that a humble Paiute named Wovoka had received revelations from the Great Spirit. We will write a custom essay sample on Wounded Knee Massacre specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wounded Knee Massacre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wounded Knee Massacre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Wovoka preached that if his followers adopted his mystical rituals and lived together in love and harmony, the Indian dead would rise, whites would be driven from the land, and game would be thick again. As the rituals spread, alarmed settlers called the shuffling and chanting the â€Å"Ghost Dance†. Soon delegates from many tribes traveled to visit Wovoka, several Sioux among them. Prominent were Chief Kicking Bear and his brother-in-law, Short Bull; enamored of the Ghost Dance, they brought the new religion to Rosebud, Pine Ridge, and Standing Rock. (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) Although the Ghost Dance was performed peacefully by most tribes, among the Sioux it became a rallying cry against the whites. Kicking Bear and Short Bull argued that their people had to assist the Great Spirit in regaining their freedom. A holy shirt was invented, a â€Å"ghost shirt† painted with sacred, magic symbols. It was believed that not even bullets could harm a person wearing such a shirt. The Ghost Dance dominated life on the Sioux reservations, greatly disturbing the government agents. There was little or no understanding of the ritual’s meaning, and agitated agents and military officers were alarmed at what they perceived to be a â€Å"war dance†. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) In December of 1890 in Standing Rock, the army had suspicions of a Sioux holy man and staunch champion to be behind the Ghost Dance frenzy. The man they suspected was Sitting Bull, the army attempted to arrest Sitting Bull, during the arrest Sitting Bull was killed. His death increased tensions between Indians and soldiers. Hundreds of Sioux fled Standing Rock, many seeking refuge with Chief Red Cloud at Pine Ridge or with Chief Big Foot (also known as Spotted Elk) at Cheyenne River. Both chiefs were traditionalists, though Big Foot had been the earliest in accepting the Ghost Dance. Trying to preserve peace, Red Cloud invited Big Foot and his band to Pine Ridge, a move heartily desired army and the Indian Bureau as well. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) Big Foot led his people toward Pine Ridge, setting out on December 23, 1890. Their movements were tracked by the army, fearful of treachery. On December 28, only 20 miles from Pine Ridge, a squadron of Seventh Cavalry, Custer’s former command, intercepted the band. Big Foot, ill with pneumonia, persuaded Major Samuel M. Whiteside, in command, that he and his people would come peacefully. That night Indians and soldiers camped together beside Wounded Knee Creek. Accounts list 350 Indians, 230 of them women and children, while the Seventh Cavalry counted 500 men. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) On the day of December 29, 1890, Colonel James W. Forsyth took command, he ordered his men surround the Indian camp; Hotchkiss guns were posted overlooking the whole camp. Forsyth ordered Big Foot and other leaders to confer with him. He announced that he wanted to disarm all the Indians and he would be sending soldiers into the tipis, searching for weapons. Yellow Bird, a medicine man urged resistance, assuring his people they could not be harmed while wearing their ghost shirts. Black Coyote, said by some Indian witnesses to be deaf, refused to surrender his Winchester rifle; in the struggle, the gun went off. Both sides began firing, and indiscriminate killing followed. Most of the Indians had been unarmed at the time of the attack. Firing fifty rounds a minute, the Hotchkiss guns devastated the Indian camp. Women and children were slaughtered along with the men, few escaping. The fighting lasted less an hour, but Big Foot and more than half of his people were dead. The army’s loses were only around twenty-five, Surviving Indians were loaded into wagons and taken to Pine Ridge, while some were admitted to a military hospital most were taken to the floors of a Episcopal church. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) The nationwide reaction to the Wounded Knee massacre was split; some people praised the soldiers, others condemned them. In actuality, neither side seems to have plotted the battle or been able to foretell the tragedy. Mutual fear and suspicion were among the underlying causes of the event. Sioux holy man Black Elk was at Pine Ridge when the massacre occurred. After the fighting ended, he went to Wounded Knee. When he saw the many corpses, he recognized in them the â€Å"killing of a dream. † It was the end of Indian armed resistance to the United States as well as the end of the Ghost Dance and its promise of a new world. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) Bibliography James Davidson, B. D. (2009). U. S. A Narrative History. New York: McGraw Hill Comapanies Inc. Stanley I. Kutler, E. (2003). Dictionary of American History, Third Edition. New York: The Gale Group, Inc.

Nights at the Circus, Angela Carter essays

Nights at the Circus, Angela Carter essays In both novels, Nights at the Circus by Angela Carter and Geek Love by Katherine Dunn, our of view of what is normal and what is unusual or freakish is completely tuned around. Arturo or Arty from the novel Geek Love views normalcy as a terrible quality to have or to desire. In Nights at the Circus, Carter gives the reader many different freaks to focus on, from the most obvious Fevvers, to the other women at Madame Schrecks. Dunn and Carter explore the theme of the sacred and the profane in both of their novels. Both of these authors tell us many things about or society. Arturo, who is the oldest son in the Binewskis fabulon, views normalcy as a burden on those who embodies it. I see this as being very profane, for any one to want to have fins for limbs, and then to think of him as superior to others is very profane. Arty is the most outspoken and extreme on his views of norms, but the entire Fabulon feels that they are better off than with their specialties than the norms that view their shows are. You figured it wrong. The whole thing wrong... Youve got yourself a little old disability there so you took pleasure in feeling sorry for me. Well you figured wrong. (Dunn 169) In the quote by Arty is telling McGurk, a hired personal electrician that even though McGurk may feel Arty has disabilities that cripple him; it does not mean that arty feels the same way. Arty feels that his disabilities or his specialties make him better than the norms. In the Novel Nights at the Circus, Fevvers, supposed to be bird-women, is paraded around Europe at the turn of the 19th century in a circus as well as being a spectacle in a freak show. Fevvers whose mother is human and father is swan, has all the characteristics of a human woman but also has wings that protrude from her shoulder blades. As...

Critically Discuss the Impact of Social Media and Wiki's on the Essay

Critically Discuss the Impact of Social Media and Wiki's on the Concept of 'Information Freedom' - Essay Example The concept of information freedom is then directly attributed to the new media and the ability to have information that is easily accessible and which is providing a stronger approach to those who are interested in the ideas which are now available to individuals. This is furthered with the opposition to information freedom, specifically which is coming from the policies and questions about access to information. The result is an understanding that information freedom is a part of the revolution from social media and wikis and is transforming ideas and available information on an international level. Developing Into New Media The development into new media began to emerge with the growth into the Internet and the way in which many looked at the information available. Before the use of technology, there was a set of significant information which was presented with Television, newspapers and the print which was available to individuals within society. The approach was one which is now defined as a closed system, specifically because a smaller amount of information was available to those which were interested in the media. The information was based on both timelines and the agenda which was focused on the economic and political stance of many which were interested in the information available. ... The emergence of new media has segmented into a variety of areas which provide information. Each of these has established a different understanding of the available information and the importance which it holds for individuals. The beginning of this came with the general information available, specifically which was noted through the ability to post and give information freely and through the use of different websites. This was combined with the ability to have more individuals which were posting information online, such as through the use of articles and other media networks. The information combined with other areas that grew from Web 2.0. The Web 2.0 invited user interaction and social media, such as through Facebook, reviews and other areas which offered free and dynamic information to be available. When this emerged, the information available also began to change with the philosophies and ideas which were given to the public. Fast paced changes in information and contributions f rom a variety of individuals were the main approach which was taken with the new media and which established a different approach to the concept of sending and receiving information (Dijk, 2006: 2). Social Media and Information Freedom The emergence of social media and wikis and the way in which information is retrieved and transferred is one which is now attributed to the concept of information freedom. The communication which is available is allowing individuals to receive in – depth information that continues to expand and offer different insight to individuals. Media, social and economic networks are all emerging with different dynamics that allow individuals to receive the necessary

Good Will Hunting and Cognitive Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Good Will Hunting and Cognitive Therapy - Essay Example This avoidance again reinforces his negative thinking and strengthens his fears, and eventually the fear becomes a permanent part of his thoughts, emotions and behavior which increases his social and personal problems (Wright, Basco & Thae, 2006, p.4). The movie ‘Good Will Hunting’ is about a young man, who, because of his painful and lonely past, refuses to face the fears which are buried deep inside him, and how a psychology professor, Sean, helps him to deal with his fears by revealing his fears which are hidden under the mask of confident personality. 1) Professor Sean takes Will to a park and talks about Will’s behavior pattern. He says that by portraying a confident, knowledgeable and strong personality, he stops others from looking deep into the ‘real’ person. He tells Will that his lonely life and painful past affects him and the inferior complex that he has about his personal life keeps him from making new friends. Sean says that the fear of new life and social challenges has kept him from going out of Boston. However, to hide this fear and inferior complex, he uses his intellectual abilities to impress people and tries to show as if he does not think that people are capable of understanding him. 2) In one of the sessions, Will tells Sean that he is dating a girl. When asked if he called her again, Will tells Sean that he is in no hurry as he thinks that she is interesting as long he does not get close to her. He assumes that she might not be as smart as he is and hence, does not want to get disappointed by knowing her. However, Sean makes Will realize

Nutrition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nutrition - Assignment Example If your intake is above goal, list 2 foods with the highest fiber content. 10. If your fat intake is higher than the recommendation, list 2 specific foods from your two-day intake you could reduce, eliminate or replace with other foods in order to lower the fat content. If your fat intake is less than the recommendation, list 2 dietary changes have you made to reduce this number. If your fat intake is within the range list two foods that you consume from your record that allow you to maintain the recommended intake. 16. If your protein intake is higher than the recommendation, list 2 specific foods in your two-day intake you could reduce, eliminate or replace with other foods in order to lower the protein content. If your protein intake is less than the recommendation, note whether this is intentional. If so, why? If not, what 2 specific foods could you increase in order to meet the recommendations? If your protein intake is within the range list two foods that you consume from your record that allow you to maintain the recommended intake. It is recommended that most adults limit their sodium intake to 2300 milligrams per day. In 2010 that recommendation was reduced to 1500 mg per day for adults > 51 years of age. Additionally, if you are African American, hypertensive, diabetic, or have chronic kidney disease, your sodium needs to be reduced to 1500 mg. On average, how many milligrams of sodium did you consume per day? ____1100______ 17. How does your diet compare to the recommendation? If you exceeded the recommended limit identify 2 specific changes you could make in your two-day record to lower sodium intake? If you consumed less than the recommended amount of sodium, list 2 specific ways you intentionally keep sodium low. 18. Your printout lists your daily intake of vitamins. Choose 2 vitamins for which your intake was under the recommended amount. Then list 2 foods you could

Toyotas Management Philosophy

Toyotas Management Philosophy The Toyota Way describes the 14 principles that form the foundation of this uniquely successful management style. Using profiles of a diverse group of organizations, from a variety of industries, it demonstrates how this model of success can be applied in any organization, to improve the quality, efficiency, and speed of any business process, including sales, product development, marketing, logistics, and management. This blueprint of Toyotas management philosophy offers managers in blue-collar, white-collar, manufacturing, or service environments specific tools and methods for becoming the best in their industries on cost, quality, and service.   Principle 1: Management decisions should be based on a long-term philosophy, even is short-term financial goals may suffer. Principle 2: Create constant process flow to bring predicaments to the surface. Principle 3: Employ pull systems to evade overproduction. Principle 4: Balance out the workload (heijunka)-work similar to the tortoise, not the hare. Principle 5: Construct a culture of ending fix problems, to get excellence right the first time. Principle 6: Consistent tasks are the basis for continuous development as well as employee empowerment. Principle 7: Make use of visual control so that no problems are concealed. Principle 8: Employ only reliable, carefully tested technology that complements your people along with processes. Principle 9: Grow leaders who systematically understand the work, comprehend the philosophy, and train others with it. Principle 10: Increase exceptional people with teams who go along the companys philosophy. Principle 11: Value your extended set of connections of partners and suppliers by testing them and helping them develop. Principle 12: See for yourself to meticulously appreciate the circumstances (genchi genbutsu). Principle 13: Formulate decisions little by little by consensus, thoroughly considering all options: put into practice decisions quickly (nemawashi). Principle 14: Grow to be a learning organization through persistent reflection (hansei) and nonstop improvement (kaizen). While Jim Collins describes in his book, Good to Great his concepts of people and leaders. Level 5 Leadership the Level 5 Leaders are not the types which are charismatic and media. Chances are youve by no means heard of them. They are seen as humble, self-effacing as well as more concerned about the success of the company than their individual accomplishment. First Who, Then What Through a bus analogy, Collins argues that great companies first get talented people on the bus, then settle on where to drive it. As stated by to Collins, the right people are your largely important asset. Confront the Brutal Facts but Yet Never Lose Faith Those Good to Great companies continue unwavering faith that they can as well as will prevail in the end, in spite of of the difficulties, and all at once have the discipline to deal with the most brutal truths of their current reality no matter what that might be. The Hedgehog Concept also known as Simplicity within the Three Circles The Good-to-Great companies do what they be able to do best (as opposed to what they desire to do best), what they are deeply zealous about, and they center on what guides their economic engine. A Culture of Discipline containing a disciplined culture is the other extreme of having a controlled one. Hierarchy, bureaucracy, if not excessive control is not needed. Technology No one in the Good To Great executives position technology as their top 5 drivers. No one of them jumped on the .com bandwagon due to panic. All of them took a careful approach as to how technology can be of great help to them to do what they do well much more. There are so many genuine insights seen in this book. Understand that Collins has no intention to be revolutionary. He is simply reporting data. The proposition is if you could model these significant factors, your company could as well reach the level of vastness. The 5th Level Leader 5th Level Leaders contain a combination of strong will plus personal humility. The 5th Level Leader shows an unwavering resolution and sets the benchmark for building great companies. In equilibrium, he demonstrates a forceful modesty, relies on inspired standards in addition to channels ambition keen on the company, and not into the character. Comparing the two, they are similar in some ways. Collins and Liker both understand how to develop its own business. One of their similarities is their concept of people running the business. They see very good people running the operations to sales as one of their asset. However, there are some differences on how the two authors value business. In his book, Good To Great, Jim Collins describes the business strategies of both successful and unsuccessful firms. Successful CEOs evolve innovative, wealth-creating plans that are long-lived, accommodate flexibility and change, and are firmly rooted in providing genuine value to customers. The unsuccessful CEOs tend to employ quick fix strategies doomed to be short-lived. In his book, The Toyota Way, Jeffrey K. Liker describes Toyotas preeminent form of lean manufacturing the Toyota Production System (TPS). Liker acknowledges that firms can boost productivity in the short term by implementing TPS tools. But long-term sustainability critically depends on what he terms the Toyota Way, which is Toyotas management commitment to invest in its people and promote a continuous-improvement culture. Liker contends that if a company does not understand the culture behind TPS, even though it has all the tools and techniques of TPS in place, the real work of implementing lean has just begun. Essentially, TPS is about applying the principles of the Toyota Way so that workers are contributing to the improvement of the system and of themselves. The Toyota Way encourages, supports, and demands employee involvement, for it is people who carry the system to life by means of working, communicating, resolving issues, also growing together. Thus, it is a culture even more than a set of efficiency and improvement techniques. Based on the authors 20 years of studying Toyota, he offers 14 principles that constitute the Toyota Way and form the basis of the culture behind TPS. For ease of understanding, he divides these principles into the four categories-Philosophy, Process, People/Partners, and Problem Solving-that correlate to the four high-level principles (genchi genbutsu, kaizen, respect, and teamwork) explained in Toyotas own internal Toyota Way training document. The idea of understanding that drives action is one way to put it. Good to great companies worked to understand at a deep level what made their company work, and by continually looking for new answers to the question, they developed the momentum to breakthrough into greatness Their leaders understood success was not about themselves as a person, but about the success of their company. They understood that the right people in the right seats on the bus make all the difference. They understood the importance of finding the truth and acting on it in the form of facing the brutal facts of reality, while maintaining unwavering faith that they would succeed. They understood that tapping passion, extraordinary competence, and the key economic driver builds progressive momentum. They understood the discipline of staying focused on the essentials and stopping the distractions. They understood technology is best used to accelerate momentum, not to create it. Finally, they understood that greatness comes from sustained commitment to disciplined people, disciplined thinking, and disciplined action that creates breakthrough momentum. Such understanding requires the integrated whole of the principles illustrated in this book. The challenge to all is to embody these principles, and by so doing, to live them out in everyday actions and interactions. By so doing, greatness, or even further greatness, awaits.

Management :: Business Management

Management Past Structure Marks and Spencer used to be structured under a Functional or U-Form design which works by breaking the company into departments like operations, marketing, finance, human resources, and research and development. This design works well with smaller companies but with bigger companies there is too much information for the top manager to handle and deal with. This is exactly what happened to Marks and Spencer. In 1991, Sir Richard Greenbury took over Marks and Spencer for seven years and structured the company to fit the Functional design. He made the company very aristocratic and rigid where by â€Å"Head office knows best† (The Economist). This created an atmosphere where by the company focused on their products instead of focusing on their customers. Although Marks and Spencer grew and made huge profits within this time, in 1998 their profits fell very quickly and sharply. Marks and Spencer closed a chain of stores which they owned in Canada and rumours were spreading th at they would also close two chains of stores which they owned in the United States. The combination of Marks and Spencer’s quick expansions and the aristocratic rule had definite visible implications on Marks and Spencer’s well-being. The combination of Marks and Spencer’s aristocratic rule and structure just couldn’t handle everything that was going on. Another one of Marks and Spencer’s weaknesses stemmed from their heavy reliance on inside promotions. The company would hire college students and have them work their way up the ladder. Very rarely did the company hire outside candidate for senior positions. This prevented outside innovations from coming into the organisation. Reformed Structure In 1998 Marks and Spencer needed to do something drastic because it was losing out on its market share and their reputation was going down the tubes. The company decided it was time to restructure. The new structure of Marks and Spencer would be more like the Conglomerate or H-Form design. In this design the organisation is set up basically as a holding company comprised of unrelated products. The new Marks and Spencer would have seven different business units: women’s swear, men’s wear, lingerie, children’s wear, food, beauty, and home. This would allow the company to create a more flexible structure which could respond to the fast changing environment. This flexible structure would give autonomy to individual business units helping them tailor to their customers better.

Importance of Recycling and Waste Into Use in Architecture

Importance of recycling and waste into usage in architecture Abstraction In the present twenty-four hours the most urgent environmental job is planetary heating and clime alteration. This job of planetary heating and clime alteration are majorly caused due to the carbon dioxide emanations, caused by the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas. But it besides comes from deforestation. Today tonss of co2 emanations are taking topographic point due to the activities of adult male. One of them is the production of different stuffs and merchandises. These merchandises are made for specific intents, which satisfies the human demand. Once the merchandise is non purposeful any longer, they are considered as waste. Today these wastes have become a serious job. This paper describes how these merchandises have contributed to planetary heating throughout its life rhythm and eventually ends up as a waste. And how an designers can recycle those waste merchandises for design and building intents. As a secondary instance study the plants of designer Michael Rey nolds and Shigeru Ban has been analysed and discussed. The thought is to provide to the present twenty-four hours dining demand of believing cleverly for the jobs of environment as a whole. The paper concludes with an effort to follow the discussed technique into simple twenty-four hours today tool of little furniture. This experiment is an illustration of how easy can ne follow this construct into any graduated table of design and contribute towards nature. Keywords:Embodied energy, Global heating, Life rhythm of merchandises, Recycling, Sustainability. Introduction At present, the lifting demand of what we province as ‘resource’ has led us to believe about, are things around us simply a resource? The beautiful nature, is it merely for us to devour? Aren’t we every bit responsible to take attention of the same? We have now taken in our custodies the creative activity and devastation of anything and everything as per our demand and comfort. We create merchandises for our usage and so it’s the same ‘us’ who regard it a waste. It’s finally us, who are the Godheads of both the merchandise and the waste. Today, there are limitless semisynthetic byproducts, example-tires, bottles etc. which can be used as building stuffs. As a affair of fact all these merchandises are free of cost. These byproducts are considered as waste ( a state of affairs in which something valuable is non being used ) in common. Now it is clip to entree all the stuffs and give a proper topographic point possible in the edifice as an designer. The thought of the survey is to analyze what can be done to devour less energy. As energy is non something which is traveling to last forever, it’s our duty to believe about it before it becomes excessively late. And ingestion of excessively much of energy and resources are responsible for other jobs like pollution and eventually planetary heating. With the promotion of engineering, industries today are bring forthing merchandises and stuffs in copiousness, least bothered about environmental effects. The aim of the paper is to happen out an alternate method for the present life rhythm of stuff so that, we as an designer can hold our part towards the whole job that the universe is meeting today. The whole procedure should besides lend to the profession of an designer in order to make something more originative and sustainable together. The life rhythm of the stuffs In order to cognize the importance of recycling any produc and to measure the method of recycling, it is of import to cognize its life rhythm. Every merchandises has similar life rhythm, and throughout its full rhythm of life clip, the stuff consumes energy in different signifiers, from the initial phase of fabrication boulder clay the terminal of its usage. Which is shown in the figure 1.1. This amount of energy inputs to do a merchandise is itsembodied energy. Fig. 1.1. Energy ingestions and co2 emanations in different phases of production. Beginning: www.lifecycleinitiative.org To bring forth all these points or stuffs, it needs to utilize the resources of our planet. First, the extraction of natural resources itself consumes big sum of energy and it besides causes environmental debasement and contributes to planetary heating. These natural resources are pure in signifier, which are so processed to do the stuffs. In this procedure of production the resources has to be converted to get the particular point which involves great trade of energy ingestion to change over those stuffs. After it is manufactured it goes for bringing, which requires transit seashore and energy. ( Curran, 2006 ) Smart and effectual methods of recycling Recycling can happen in several ways. A merchandise might be reused, which is what happens when a fictile cup is washed and reused alternatively of being thrown off. It could be sent to merchandise remanufacture, where the stuffs it contains are used to do another merchandise. Hence these two types of recycling eliminates all the other production phases. Therefore assisting in cut downing the negative impacts of resource depletion and carbon dioxide emanations. Which is shown in the figure 1.2 and figure 1.3. Fig. 1.2. Showing how material re-using of merchandise can salvage energy and waste by extinguishing material production and fabrication and bringing phase. Beginning: green-manufacturing.blogspot.in Fig. 1.3. Showing how material re-used to fabricate new merchandises save energy and waste by extinguishing material production phase. Beginning: green-manufacturing.blogspot.in Case surveies Two instance surveies are selected to put an illustration for both the above mentioned methods of recycling severally. Case I: Earthship 1.1Introduction: Earthship is an environmental friendly house made from recycled stuffs. By and large made of earth-filled tyres, glass bottle and aluminum sodium carbonate tins. The primary stuff utilized as a structural constituent of earthship is the car tyre which is filled with compacted Earth to organize a modular, thermic mass brick. The other common reclaimable points like glass bottles and aluminum tins are used as cosmetic wall constituents that creates an challenging artistic design statement. ( HODGE, 2007 ) 1.2 History: The construct of earthship was originated by Michael Reynolds a southern US designer, with the airy purpose for these places to be independent and everlasting while characteristically alining with the environment instead than deteriorating it. Reynolds had been experimenting on this edifice of all time since he graduated from architecture school in 1968. ( HODGE, 2007 ) Tsunami in the twelvemonth 2004. Microphone and his crew shows the subsisters how to utilize Surs, plastic bottles and bamboo to construct house. The undertaking succeeded and was granted immediate blessing by the Indian governments. ( HODGE, 2007 ) It was a great encouragement for Reynolds. Then he continues his following work at New Orleans which was attacked by hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. Followed by another hurricane pommeling northern Mexico and Texas. ( HODGE, 2007 ) 1.3 AimsTo cut down the overall negative effects that conventional lodging has on the planet. As it relates to the Earth ‘s ability to go on to back up life.To construct a self-sustainable house which will alter the life style of the people for dependence on dwindling supplies of H2O, gas and oil.1.4 Advantages Energy efficiency– the Earth packed tyre wall provide a big sum of thermic mass, which keeps the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Self-sustainability– the earthship is designed to take advantage of natural resources. It uses recycle stuffs, inactive solar energy, incorporate H2O reaping system and renewable solar and air current power. Build ability– it can be built without holding any specialised building accomplishments. Basic woodworking, plumbing and electric accomplishments are required. Easy handiness– since it uses recycled stuffs, like Surs, bottles etc. it’s easy to acquire those points. ( Michael Reynolds, 2014 ) 1.5 Nature of the stuffs To fulfill the design end and public presentation demands of an earthship biotecture, the nature of the stuff for an earthship must hold certain features established. Which should aline with the environment of the planet, instead than deteriorating it. Autochthonal– the stuff should be easy found all over the planet. So that it is easy accessible to the common people. Else transporting stuffs from long distance is non sustainable which uses inordinate sum of energy. But in malice of being autochthonal, if the stuff requires monolithic sum of energy to manner into a useable signifier, so it would non be sustainable. Therefore we must research stuffs and methods which are non dependent on manufactured energy so that it can lend to the wellbeing of the planet instead than work it. Thermal mass– the stuff which envelope the earthship should be heavy and monolithic in order to hive away the temperature required to supply a habitable environment. Lastingness– we should seek for the stuff that is lasting as an built-in quality instead than seeking to paint for lastingness. Resilient– temblor is an issue that has to be taken into consideration, which release horizontal motion or agitating to the construction, so we should take such stuff with resiliency. Brittle stuffs like concrete interruptions and cleft. So should prefer a structural stuff that is rubbery or resilient. Which would let flexibleness without failure. ( Michael Reynolds, 2014 ) Case II: Shigeru ban’s reclaimable paper composition board tubings Nipponese designer Shigeru Ban designs impermanent lodging made of paper tubings in catastrophes countries. In impermanent lodging, edifices are demolished in a twelvemonth or half, as a consequence tonss of industrial wastes are being produced. ( Ban, 2013 ) To do pre-construction of impermanent lodging better, Ban constructs his catastrophe alleviation shelters by using reclaimable unlifelike paper tubings for columns, walls and beams. Better in the sense that this reclaimable paper tubings are locally available, cheap, easy to transport, saddle horse and dismantle and most significantly they are reclaimable. Prohibitions human-centered work began with the response to the 1994 struggle in Rwanda, which threw tonss of people into tragic life conditions. Before his work, the refugees were provided shelter by building houses of aluminum poles and fictile sheets, which was non economical for this type of building. Ban proposed his thought of paper tubing shelters to the United Nations High Commission for refugees. And during 1995, earth temblor in Kobe, Japan, Ban developed the â€Å"paper log house† . For foundation beer crates filled with sand bags are used, while paper tubings are lined up vertically for walls and the roofs are covered with fictile sheets. ( AD Editorial Team, 2014 ) The units are easy to level and the stuffs are appropriate for recycling. ( Preston & A ; Bank, 2012 ) Discussion and suggestion Both the instance surveies can be taken as standard illustrations of how the thought of utilizing waste into architectural vocabulary can be carried out. These two instance surveies province method of reusing of a waste in an effectual manner which is much more advanced and effectual than the conventional method of recycling. The thought is to understand the overall procedure of planing with the aid of such stuffs and techniques. Michael Reynolds’ procedure of recycling and recycling the waste merchandises to utilize it as an alternate edifice stuff is cutting short the whole procedure of bring forthing building stuff and besides farther processing of the same. Similarly, on the other manus Shigeru Bans’ smart choice of reclaimable paper tubes prevents the girl usage of other possible and expensive building stuffs. Therefore the best option for cutting down the negative effects of the production of different stuffs and merchandises is ; 1. Use of recycling stuffs every bit much as possible ; 2. Use of locally available stuffs to cut down the usage of fuel and to forestall carbon dioxide gas emanation while transit of stuffs ; 3. Use common architecture. An effort: Furniture with paper composition board. Paper composition board is fundamentally made for packaging intents merely. Then they are being thrown off, as a consequence it ends up being waste and they hence organize a really big part of the domestic every bit good as commercial waste. Taking farther the construct discussed in the paper boulder clay now, we can do usage of this stuff in several ways. One of which can be to use them for doing furniture. Furniture are largely made from forests and metals. Making furniture ‘s out of paper composition board can be economical and environmental friendly. Furniture ‘s life rhythm are most likely to be maximal 5 to 7 old ages. The ground has assorted facets sing from strength, aesthetics, and human physiology. Therefore why non utilize paper composition boards to do furniture ‘s, which will function the exact intent. Most common furniture ‘s are table, chair and bed. Taking chair into consideration, the map of the chair is to back up the whole weight of a individual, which cardboard can non make entirely. Hence there is a demand for this basic stuff to be improvised before direct usage. Paper board has certain features belongingss which are derived surely from the manner it is manufactured. The basic fundamental law of paper composition board is outlined by three beds in which the top and bottom bed service as the base and the in-between bed is arranged in serpentine mode, sandwiches with two beds of paper board. In our instance the in-between bed is the cardinal factor in obtaining the board’s maximal strength, it is done in a mode that the in-between bed has to run along perpendicular to coerce applied. The strength can besides be obtained with different forms and articulations. In instance of form, cylindrical form provides maximal strength. But the cardinal factor mentioned above , that is the alliance of paper is compulsory. The advantage of doing furniture out of paper composition board is that the chair or designed furniture will be light weight, easy to manage, easy movable and of class environment friendly. It’s easy to do because it does n't necessitate profession specialization, usage of really basic tools and small difficult work will be more than plenty. Decision The gait of blind development and industrialization has today lead us to a point from where we can see the hereafter of our coming coevals drowned within the fume of the Satan industries, mines, refineries and many more. A universe which will be wholly isolated from what we know as our female parent nature as we won’t be left with any of it. This ne'er stoping greed of worlds is non taking the right manner. There is a demand to wake up and understand the roots of the job to do it halt or decelerate down. This paper talks about one some really little but basic job and some efforts which can assist us acquiring closer in obtaining a better universe. It touches upon the procedure of fabrication of any merchandise and the byproducts of the same. The paper negotiations about the assorted jobs caused because of the wastage of used merchandises. It highlights upon the alternate lifecycle of a merchandise which can assist in non merely conserving energy but besides in forestalling a batch of environmental impact. Bing an designer what function can be played in the whole procedure and how can we lend towards the same by following these used stuffs into our built signifiers without giving to any other facet of the edifice. The two discussed instances help us to acquire an overall position of the whole effort and how can such a methodological analysis be best adapted maintaining in head the aesthetic of the edifice integral. The stuffs used in both the instances are basic stuffs of waste which we all are familiar with. The first instance Michael Reynolds is a radical construct which has inspired a batch of designer all over the universe. The efficiency of the designer in accomplishing the desired is model. The doctrine of cutting short the procedure of recycle of stuff has been good achieved. The 2nd instance of Shigeru Bans is besides reflecting upon the creativeness and consciousness of the designer in accomplishing simple but alone design with the aid of basic stuffs which were considered waste for building. Towards the terminal the paper leads to an effort of planing a merchandise of architectural usage with the aid of similar â€Å"waste considered† stuffs. The design of the furniture is an illustration carried out to understand how the spectrum of this construct can change from large architectural elements to a little architectural constituent as furniture. The really basic design of a simple chair can be taken as theoretical account to believe about this whole thought in all graduated tables and besides different stuffs. The paper ends with a little note of suggestion about what are the assorted things that can be kept in head while choosing a stuff and how efficient can be the whole procedure economically excessively.MentionsAD Editorial Team. ( 2014, march 24 ) .The Human-centered Works of Shigeru Ban. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.archdaily.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.archdaily.com/489255/the-humanitarian-works-of-shigeru-ban/Ban, S. ( 2013, may ) .Ted. Retrieved from www.ted.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ted.com/talks/shigeru_ban_emergency_shelters_made_from_paper? language=enCurran, M. A. ( 2006 ) . LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT: Principle AND PRACTICE.Scientific Applications International Corporation.HODGE, O. ( Director ) . ( 2007 ) .GARBAGE WARRIOR[ Motion Picture ] .Michael Reynolds, K. J. ( 2014, october 4 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //earthship.com/construction-materials. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //earthship.com/ .Preston, S. J. , & A ; Bank, L. C. ( 2012 ) . Portals to an Architecture: Design of a impermanent construction with paper tubing arches.Construction and Building Materials.

Deception Point Page 97

Rachel inserted the entire stack into the hydrolab's fax machine. Knowing only a few fax numbers by heart, she had limited choices, but she had already made up her mind who would be receiving these pages and her note. Holding her breath, she carefully typed in the person's fax number. She pressed â€Å"send,† praying she had chosen the recipient wisely. The fax machine beeped. ERROR: NO DIAL TONE Rachel had expected this. The Goya's communications were still being jammed. She stood waiting and watching the machine, hoping it functioned like hers at home. Come on! After five seconds, the machine beeped again. REDIALING†¦ Yes! Rachel watched the machine lock into an endless loop. ERROR: NO DIAL TONE REDIALING†¦ ERROR: NO DIAL TONE REDIALING†¦ Leaving the fax machine in search of a dial tone, Rachel dashed out of the hydrolab just as helicopter blades thundered overhead. 119 One hundred and sixty miles away from the Goya, Gabrielle Ashe was staring at Senator Sexton's computer screen in mute astonishment. Her suspicions had been right. But she had never imagined how right. She was looking at digital scans of dozens of bank checks written to Sexton from private space companies and deposited in numbered accounts in the Cayman Islands. The smallest check Gabrielle saw was for fifteen thousand dollars. Several were upward of half a million dollars. Small potatoes, Sexton had told her. All the donations are under the two-thousand-dollar cap. Obviously Sexton had been lying all along. Gabrielle was looking at illegal campaign financing on an enormous scale. The pangs of betrayal and disillusionment settled hard now in her heart. He lied. She felt stupid. She felt dirty. But most of all she felt mad. Gabrielle sat alone in the darkness, realizing she had no idea what to do next. 120 Above the Goya, as the Kiowa banked over the stern deck, Delta-One gazed down, his eyes fixating on an utterly unexpected vision. Michael Tolland was standing on deck beside a small submersible. Dangling in the sub's robotic arms, as if in the clutches of a giant insect, hung Delta-Two, struggling in vain to free himself from two enormous claws. What in the name of God!? Equally as shocking an image, Rachel Sexton had just arrived on deck, taking up a position over a bound and bleeding man at the foot of the submersible. The man could only be Delta-Three. Rachel held one of the Delta Force's machine guns on him and stared up at the chopper as if daring them to attack. Delta-One felt momentarily disoriented, unable to fathom how this possibly could have happened. The Delta Force's errors on the ice shelf earlier had been a rare but explainable occurrence. This, however, was unimaginable. Delta-One's humiliation would have been excruciating enough under normal circumstances. But tonight his shame was magnified by the presence of another individual riding with him inside the chopper, a person whose presence here was highly unconventional. The controller. Following the Delta's kill at the FDR Memorial, the controller had ordered Delta-One to fly to a deserted public park not far from the White House. On the controller's command, Delta-One had set down on a grassy knoll among some trees just as the controller, having parked nearby, strode out of the darkness and boarded the Kiowa. They were all en route again in a matter of seconds. Although a controller's direct involvement in mission operations was rare, Delta-One could hardly complain. The controller, distressed by the way the Delta Force had handled the kills on the Milne Ice Shelf and fearing increasing suspicions and scrutiny from a number of parties, had informed Delta-One that the final phase of the operation would be overseen in person. Now the controller was riding shotgun, witnessing in person a failure the likes of which Delta-One had never endured. This must end. Now. The controller gazed down from the Kiowa at the deck of the Goya and wondered how this could possibly have happened. Nothing had gone properly-the suspicions about the meteorite, the failed Delta kills on the ice shelf, the necessity of the high-profile kill at the FDR. â€Å"Controller,† Delta-One stammered, his tone one of stunned disgrace as he looked at the situation on the deck of the Goya. â€Å"I cannot imagine†¦ â€Å" Nor can I, the controller thought. Their quarry had obviously been grossly underestimated. The controller looked down at Rachel Sexton, who stared up blankly at the chopper's reflective windshield and raised a CrypTalk device to her mouth. When her synthesized voice crackled inside the Kiowa, the controller expected her to demand that the chopper back off or extinguish the jamming system so Tolland could call for help. But the words Rachel Sexton spoke were far more chilling. â€Å"You're too late,† she said. â€Å"We're not the only ones who know.† The words echoed for a moment inside the chopper. Although the claim seemed far-fetched, the faintest possibility of truth gave the controller pause. The success of the entire project required the elimination of all those who knew the truth, and as bloody as the containment had turned out to be, the controller had to be certain this was the conclusion. Someone else knows†¦ Considering Rachel Sexton's reputation for following strict protocol of classified data, the controller found it very hard to believe that she would have decided to share this with an outside source. Rachel was on the CrypTalk again. â€Å"Back off and we'll spare your men. Come any closer and they die. Either way, the truth comes out. Cut your losses. Back off.† â€Å"You're bluffing,† the controller said, knowing the voice Rachel Sexton was hearing was an androgynous robotic tone. â€Å"You have told no one.† â€Å"Are you ready to take that chance?† Rachel fired back. â€Å"I couldn't get through to William Pickering earlier, so I got spooked and took out some insurance.† The controller frowned. It was plausible. â€Å"They're not buying it,† Rachel said, glancing at Tolland. The soldier in the claws gave a pained smirk. â€Å"Your gun is empty, and the chopper's going to blow you to hell. You're both going to die. Your only hope is to let us go.† Like hell, Rachel thought, trying to assess their next move. She looked at the bound and gagged man who lay at her feet directly in front of the sub. He looked delirious from loss of blood. She crouched beside him, looking into the man's hard eyes. â€Å"I'm going to take off your gag and hold the CrypTalk; you're going to convince the helicopter to back off. Is that clear?† The man nodded earnestly. Rachel pulled out the man's gag. The soldier spat a wad of bloody saliva up into Rachel's face. â€Å"Bitch,† he hissed, coughing. â€Å"I'm going to watch you die. They're going to kill you like a pig, and I'm going to enjoy every minute.† Rachel wiped the hot saliva from her face as she felt Tolland's hands lifting her away, pulling her back, steadying her as he took her machine gun. She could feel in his trembling touch that something inside him had just snapped. Tolland walked to a control panel a few yards away, put his hand on a lever, and locked eyes with the man lying on the deck. â€Å"Strike two,† Tolland said. â€Å"And on my ship, that's all you get.† With a resolute rage, Tolland yanked down on the lever. A huge trapdoor in the deck beneath the Triton fell open like the floor of a gallows. The bound soldier gave a short howl of fear and then disappeared, plummeting through the hole. He fell thirty feet to the ocean below. The splash was crimson. The sharks were on him instantly. The controller shook with rage, looking down from the Kiowa at what was left of Delta-Three's body drifting out from under the boat on the strong current. The illuminated water was pink. Several fish fought over something that looked like an arm.

Comparing Ramayana and the Odyssey Essays

Comparing Ramayana and the Odyssey Essays Comparing Ramayana and the Odyssey Essay Comparing Ramayana and the Odyssey Essay Essay Topic: The Odyssey The Ramayana and the Odyssey have many things in common. One thing specifically similar between The Odyssey and The Ramayana is the experiences of Sita from The Ramayana and Odysseus from The Odyssey. Their adventures are parallel. Sita and Odysseus went through very similar struggles during their journeys and when they returned home to their spouses. Odysseus is the obvious hero of the Odyssey while Sita is an unexpected hero for with standing torture from Ravana and staying true to her spouse. Sita and Odysseus were both held captive by powerful characters of the opposite gender. Sita was kidnapped by the creature with ten heads named Ravana. Odysseus was held captive on an island by the beautiful Calypso. Odysseus tries to resist Calypso and go home, â€Å"Ah great goddess, don’t be angry with me, please. All that you say is true, how well I know. Look at my wise Penelope. She falls far short of you, your beauty, and stature. She is mortal after all and you, you never age or dieNevertheless I long – I pine, all my days – to travel home and see the dawn of my return. And if a god will wreck me yet again on the wine-dark sea, I can bear that too, with a spirit tempered to endure. Much have I suffered, labored long and hard by now in the waves and wars. Add this to the total – bring the trial on!† (Homer, 159) This quote not only shows his loyalty to his wife and his genuine attempt to resist Calypso but it is also very romantic. He is exp laining to Calypso that even though she is perfect and doesn’t age and that Penelope, his wife, could not match her beauty, he still loves Penelope and wants to go home to her. This conflict is similar to Ravana and Sita, who has been taken from her loved one, Rama. Ravana’s relationship with Sita is very similar to the relationship between Calypso and Odysseus. Ravana obsesses over Sita. He asked Soorpanaka to stir an image up of Sita and when she did Ravana fell deeply in love with Si

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